Corticosteroid biosynthesis in vitro by testes of the grouper (Epinephelus coioides) after 17?-methyltestosterone-induced sex inversion

2000 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T.L. Lee ◽  
T.J. Lam ◽  
C.H. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Sex Inversion

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides Epinecidin-1 and Beta-Defesin-3 Are Effective against a Broad Spectrum of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Isolates and Increase Survival Rate in Experimental Sepsis

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Albert Bolatchiev
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Sterile Saline

The antimicrobial peptides human Beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3) and Epinecidin-1 (Epi-1; by Epinephelus coioides) could be a promising tool to develop novel antibacterials to combat antibiotic resistance. The antibacterial activity of Epi-1 + vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (22 isolates) and Epi-1 + hBD-3 against carbapenem-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 23), Klebsiella aerogenes (n = 17), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 9), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 13) was studied in vitro. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of hBD-3 and Epi-1, ICR (CD-1) mice were injected intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa. The animals received a single injection of either sterile saline, hBD-3 monotherapy, meropenem monotherapy, hBD-3 + meropenem, or hBD-3 + Epi-1. Studied peptides showed antibacterial activity in vitro against all studied clinical isolates in a concentration of 2 to 32 mg/L. In both experimental models of murine sepsis, an increase in survival rate was seen with hBD-3 monotherapy, hBD-3 + meropenem, and hBD-3 + Epi-1. For K. pneumoniae-sepsis, hBD-3 was shown to be a promising option in overcoming the resistance of Klebsiella spp. to carbapenems, though more research is needed. In the P. aeruginosa-sepsis model, the addition of Epi-1 to hBD-3 was found to have a slightly reduced mortality rate compared to hBD-3 monotherapy.

Possible application of mibolerone for induced sex inversion of grouper Epinephelus coioides

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F Quinitio ◽  
Josefa D Tan-Fermin ◽  
Akimasa Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Sex Inversion

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of two GH secretagogue receptor transcripts in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

2008 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Chen ◽  
Zhiguo Tang ◽  
Aifen Yan ◽  
Wensheng Li ◽  
Haoran Lin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Mrna Expression Analysis ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin

GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is the receptor of ghrelin, a circulating GH-releasing and appetite-inducing hormone. In this paper, two Ghsr cDNAs, gpGhsr1a and gpGhsr1b, were identified and characterized in a teleost, the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The gpGHSR1a is 1512 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein of 383 amino acids with seven transmembrane (TM) domains, while the 1703 bp gpGHSR1b contains an ORF encoding for 303 amino acids with five TM domains. Comparison between cDNA and gene sequences showed that the two transcripts are two alternative splicing forms of a single gpGhsr gene. Tissue distribution and ontogeny of two gpGhsr mRNAs were examined by RT-PCR. The gpGHSR1a is mainly expressed in brain and pituitary gland, when compared with a more widespread expression of gpGHSR1b. During embryonic and larval development, the gpGhsr1b mRNA appears before the gpGhsr1a mRNA. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR performed on brain showed that both transcripts have the highest expression level in the pituitary gland. The expression level of gpGHSR1a was generally higher than that of gpGHSR1b. GHSR expressing cells were also detected widely in grouper brain by in situ hybridization, with a broader distribution than previous reports in mammals. Finally, an in vitro study showed that expression of both gpGHSR transcripts in pituitary and hypothalamus is downregulated by GH and ghrelin but not by des-acyl ghrelin, and this suggests that feedback regulation of GHSR also exists in teleostean fishes.

scholarly journals Calcium-Dependent Calpain Activation-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Are Required for Cytotoxicity of Epinecidin-1 in Human Synovial Sarcoma SW982 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bor-Chyuan Su ◽  
Chao-Chin Li ◽  
Jiun-Lin Horng ◽  
Jyh-Yih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Calpain Activation

Synovial sarcoma is a rare but highly malignant and metastatic disease. Despite its relative sensitivity to chemotherapies, the high recurrence and low 5-year survival rate for this disease suggest that new effective therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Marine antimicrobial peptide epinecidin-1 (epi-1), which was identified from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), exhibits multiple biological effects, including bactericidal, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. However, the cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of epi-1 on human synovial sarcoma cells are still unclear. In this study, we report that epi-1 exhibits prominent antisynovial sarcoma activity in vitro and in a human SW982 synovial sarcoma xenograft model. Furthermore, we determined that calcium overload-induced calpain activation and subsequent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are required for epi-1-mediated cytotoxicity. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a protective role against epi-1-induced cytotoxicity. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying epi-1-induced cell death in human SW982 cells.

scholarly journals Foxo3b but not Foxo3a activates cyp19a1a in Epinephelus coioides

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongyou Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Boyang Shi ◽  
Huijie Lu ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Transient Transfection ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chip Analysis

FOXO3 has been shown to be a critical transcription factor for folliculogenesis in mammals, while the information on its roles in reproduction of nonmammalian vertebrates remains scarce. In this study, two foxo3 homologs, namely foxo3a and foxo3b, were identified in a teleost, the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. foxo3a was mainly expressed in the central nervous system, ovary, and gut whereas foxo3b was expressed ubiquitously in tissues examined. In contrast to the dominant expression of mammalian FOXO3 in germ cells but barely detectable in ovarian follicular cells, immunoreactive Foxo3a and Foxo3b were identified both in the ovarian germ cells and follicular cells. The immunointensities of both Foxo3a and Foxo3b in ovarian follicular cells during vitellogenesis were significantly increased stage-dependently, and co-localized with Cyp19a1a. In the nucleus of ovarian follicular cells, both Foxo3a and Foxo3b immunostaining could be detected at the vitellogenic stages. Transient transfection and EMSA showed that Foxo3a and Foxo3b upregulated cyp19a1a promoter activities in vitro through a conserved Foxo-binding site, with the latter being a more potent activator. However, ChIP analysis showed that only Foxo3b binds to cyp19a1a proximal promoter region containing the conserved Foxo-binding site in the vitellogenic ovary. Taken together, these results suggested that Foxo3a and Foxo3b are involved in the ovarian development possibly through regulating the ovarian germ cells as well as follicular cells, and Foxo3b but not Foxo3a may activate cyp19a1a in the ovarian follicular cells during vitellogenesis in the orange-spotted grouper.

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